Scottish monarchy, Kings and Queens of Scotland

Scottish Monarchy

The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland image
The Scottish Coat of Arms

The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, the first King of Scots was Kenneth MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín), who founded the state in 843.

Kenneth MacAlpin image
Kenneth MacAlpin

House of Alpin (Ailpean)

Kenneth I (Modern Gaelic: Coinneach I mac Alpin; Old Gaelic: Cináed mac Ailpín) (c.843–858)

Donald I (Domhnall I; Domnall mac Ailpín) (858–862)

Constantine I (Causantín mac Cináeda) (862–877)

Áed (Aodh; Áed mac Cináeda) (877–878)

House of Strathclyde

Eochaid (Eochaidh; Eochu) (878–889)

House of Alpin

Giric (Giric; Giric mac Dúngail) (878–889)

House of Alpin (Restored)

Donald II (Domhnall II; Domnall mac Causantín) (889–890)

Constantine II (Causantín mac Áeda) (900–943)

Malcolm I (Calum I; Máel Coluim mac Domnaill) (943–954)

Indulf (Indulbh; Idulb mac Causantín) (954–962)

Dub (Dubh; Dub mac Maíl Choluim) (962–967)

Culen (Cuilean; Cuilén mac Iduilb) (967–971)

Kenneth II (Coinneach II; Cináed mac Maíl Choluim) (971–?)

Amlaíb (Amlaíbh; Amlaíb mac Iduilb) (after 973–977)

Kenneth II (Coinneach II; Cináed mac Maíl Choluim) (977–995)

Constantine III (Constantín III; Causantín mac Cuilén) (995–997)

Kenneth III (Coinneach III; Cináed mac Duib) (997–1005)

Malcolm II (Calum II; Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) (1005–1034)

House of Dunkeld

Duncan I (Donnchadh I; Donnchad mac Crínáin) (1034–1040)

William Wallace image
William Wallace

House of Moray

MacBeth (MacBeatha; Mac Bethad mac Findláich) (1040–1057)

Lulach (Lulach mac Gillai Comgain) (1057–1058)

House of Dunkeld

Malcolm III (Calum III; Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) (1058–1093)

Donald III (Domhnall III; Domnall mac Donnchada) (1093–1094)

Duncan II (Donnchadh II; Donnchad mac Maíl Choluim) (1094)

Donald III (Domhnall III; Domnall mac Donnchada) (1094–1097)

Edgar (Eagar/Eadgar; Etgair mac Maíl Choluim) (1097–1107)

Alexander I (Alasdair I; Alaxandair mac Maíl Choluim) (1107–1124)

Saint David I (Daibhidh I; Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim) (1124–1153)

Malcolm IV (Calum IV; Máel Coluim mac Enric) (1153–1165)

William I (Uilleam I; Uilliam mac Enric) (1165–1214)

Alexander II (Alasdair II) (1214–1249)

Alexander III (Alasdair III) (1249–1286)

Margaret (Mairead; Maighread) (1286–1290)

First Interregnum

Guardians of Scotland

William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews

Duncan Macduff, Earl of Fife

Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan

Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow

James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland

John Comyn

Robert the Bruce image
Robert the Bruce

House of Balliol (Bailiol)

John (Iain) (1292–1296)

Second Interregnum

Guardians of Scotland

Andrew de Moray (1297)

William Wallace (1297–1298)

Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick (1298–1300)

John Comyn (1298–1301)

William Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews (1299–1301)

Sir Ingram de Umfraville (1300–1301)

John de Soules (1301–1304)

John Comyn (1302–1304)

House of Bruce (Bruis)

Robert I the Bruce (Raibeart I) (1306–1329)

David II (Daibidh II) (1329–1371)

House of Balliol

Edward Balliol (Eideard) (Antiking 1329 – 1363)

Mary Queen of Scots image
Mary Queen of Scots

House of Stewart

Robert II (Raibeart II) (1371–1390)

Robert III (Raibeart III) (1390–1406)

James I (Seumas I) (1406–1437)

James II (Seumas II) (1437–1460)

James III (Seumas III) (1460–1488)

James IV (Seumas IV) (1488–1513)

James V (Seumas V) (1513–1542)

Mary I (Mairi) (1542–1567)

House of Stuart-Lennox

James VI (Seumas VI) (1567–1625), Union of the Crowns with Kingdom of England from (1603)

Charles I (Teàrlach I) (1625–1649)

Charles II (Teàrlach II) (1649–1685)

James VII (Seumas VII) (1685–1689)

Mary II (Mairi II) (1689–1694), co–monarch

William II (Uilleam II) (1689–1702), co-monarch until 1694

Anne (Anna) (1702–1714), though the Scottish throne was replaced with that of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707

Bonnie Prince Charlie

Jacobite Claimants

James VIII (Seumas VIII), also known as Old Pretender, the son of James VII, was claimant from 1701 until his death in 1766.

Charles 111 (Teàrlach III), often called Bonnie Prince Charlie, was claimant from his father's death until his own death in 1788.

Henry 1 (Eanraig I), the younger son of James VIII. As he was a cardinal, he left no offspring. Died in 1807.

After 1807, the Jacobite claims passed first to the House of Savoy (1807-1840), then to the Modenese branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1840-1919), and finally to the House of Bavaria (since 1919). The current heir is Franz, Duke of Bavaria. Neither he nor any of his predecessors since 1807 have pursued their claim.

Scottish monarchs' family tree

This is a family tree for the kings of Scotland, since the unification under the House of Alpin in 834, to the personal union with England in 1603 under James VI of Scotland. It includes also the Houses of Dunkeld, Balliol, Bruce, and Stuart

Houses of Alpin and Dunkeld (834-1290)

Click thumbnails to enlarge and print

Houses of Balliol, Bruce and Stuart (1292-1625)

Click thumbnails to enlarge and print

back to Scottish history

Scottish - Crafts Scottish Monarchs Scotland's on-line craft fair - Enter our Shop

Scottish - Crafts Scottish Monarchs

Scotland's on-line craft fair - Enter our Shop